Integrative Cancer Therapies

What Is Integrative Cancer Care?

Integrative cancer care is the practice of providing whole-person care by combining conventional treatments for cancer (such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgery) with complementary (naturopathic) therapies that will best serve the needs of the patient based on their diagnosis, prognosis, treatment history and individual preferences. In most cases, naturopathic cancer therapies are best used alongside or in conjunction with conventional treatments for cancer. A naturopathic physician who is well trained in the field of naturopathic oncology can assist patients in making informed decisions for their cancer care.

Cancer is a complex and multi-faceted disease. Evidence demonstrates better outcomes (both short term and long term) are achieved when cancer is treated with a multi-dimensional integrative medical approach that treats the whole person and engages the physical and the mind-body aspects of healing. This evidence has been the basis for the development of many integrative cancer centers in the U.S., such as the Cancer Treatment Centers of America, The Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment and The Riordan Clinic.

At Port Moody Health we understand the importance of providing you or your loved one with the best care possible. We believe that comprehensive cancer care should consist of integrative health care practitioners, each with their individual expertise in the areas of oncology – both conventional and naturopathic. With mounting evidence supporting the benefits of integrative medicine, a new cancer paradigm is emerging: one that recognizes the multitude of benefits complementary care has to offer and that honors the principle that in order to truly heal, the whole person – body, mind and spirit – must be optimally engaged in the healing process ^{(1,2,3,4,5,6)}. At our center, we strive to provide whole-person and patient-centered care in a collaborative effort with your health care team – including your oncologist and MD.

What are Integrative Cancer Therapies?

At Port Moody Health, we offer evidence-based or evidence-informed naturopathic practices supported by clinical research and/or scientific studies. The purpose of naturopathic treatments for cancer and supportive therapies is to serve the individual needs and wishes of the patient and their family with the goal to optimize overall treatment outcome (prevent metastasis, reduce drug resistance, optimize drug therapy, improve survival) and prevent secondary cancer diagnosis and recurrence^{(7,8,9,10,11,12)}. In cases of advanced stage or terminal cancer, our treatments are aimed at life extension and providing quality-of-life care.

The evidence supporting the importance of the integrative approach in the treatment for cancer is increasingly in favor of a shift in traditional cancer care provision. In the case of the integrative diet, research by Dr. Keith Block, MD (The Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment) demonstrates the role of inflammation in disease initiation and progression⁽¹³⁾. Specific dietary and nutritional interventions aimed at reducing inflammation can have a positive impact on cancer risk, outcome and recurrence⁽¹⁴⁾.

Inflammation has long been suspected to contribute to tumor growth. In the last 5 years, research has revealed that oncogenes (cancer genes) actually develop ways to create a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in order to drive the growth and spread of cancer. New research on the use of anti-inflammatory agents – natural agents and prescription drugs – in conjunction with diet, show great promise in the treatment and prevention of cancer^{(15,16,17,18).} A recent study (published in the Journal of International Medicine Research) looked at the anti-tumor and chemo-sensitizing effect of Celecoxib (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory) in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer⁽¹⁸⁾. The chemo plus Celecoxib group demonstrated a significantly greater 3-year survival rate and improved quality of life.

Many nutritional compounds – such as antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and botanicals – have demonstrated anti-cancer benefits in several studies, by way of minimizing inflammation and reducing oxidative stress. Some of the key nutritional compounds with extensive research to support their positive role in cancer care include curcumin^{(19,20,21,22,23,24,25)}, epigallocatechin-3-gallate^{(26,27,28,29,30)} (a component of green tea), melatonin^{(31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39)}, alpha lipoic acid^{(40,41,42,43)}, vitamin C^{(44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52)}, injectable mistletoe extracts, vitamin D^{(53,54,55,56)}, boswellic acid^(57,58), quercetin^{(59,60,61,62,63),} indole-3-carbinol^{(64,65,66,67,68,69,70)} and omega-3 marine oils^{(71,72,73,74)}. Correct dosage, delivery, quality and source of these nutrients are important determinants in the outcome of nutrient therapy.

A naturopathic physician with a focus of providing specialized care in naturopathic oncology can help you determine which integrative treatments for cancer are best suited to you in terms of safety and optimization of treatment outcome. Recommendations will vary depending on your diagnosis and course of conventional cancer care.

Why use an Integrative Approach for YOUR Cancer Care?

Conventional treatments for cancer, such as chemotherapy or radiation, are prescribed with the general intent to destroy cancer cells with little to no regard for the internal matrix or environment surrounding the cancer cells (i.e. healthy cells and tissue). Inevitably, conventional therapies weaken the immune system, consequently disabling the body’s natural defense mechanisms, which is one of the main factors increasing the likelihood of secondary diagnosis or cancer recurrence^(75,76,77). Evidence-based naturopathic cancer therapies are aimed at treating the whole person with a specific focus on treating the cancer and preventing metastasis (spread) while concurrently supporting and protecting the body’s healing systems – especially the immune system.

There are many ways, with nutritional and mind-body medicine, to strengthen and protect the immune system while simultaneously destroying cancer cells with conventional and/or complementary therapies, without compromising, but enhancing the effects of conventional therapies, in order to engage the body’s own ability to fight cancer, prevent recurrence and improve survival^{(78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90)}.

All cancer treatments offered at our clinic are evidence-based and aimed at reducing tumor burden, strengthening the body’s natural defenses, optimizing the anti-cancer effects of conventional treatment while reducing adverse effects of conventional treatments and ensuring adequate nutritional, mental-emotional and spiritual support.

Can Naturopathic Cancer Treatments Be Used In Combination With Conventional Treatments?

Many naturopathic cancer therapies can be safely combined with chemotherapy, radiation and surgical intervention when, and if, appropriate. When used in conjunction with conventional treatments, natural cancer therapies have been clinically and scientifically proven to enhance the effects of conventional treatment^{(8,10,11,25,45,57,59,63,93,94)},  significantly reduce the number and severity of common side effects^{(7,38,64,65,89,90)}, improve quality of life, increase survival and reduce the risk of recurrence^(10,11,92).

In the case of advanced stage or terminal cancer, conventional treatments are often not the best choice as there is little to no benefit to be gained from chemotherapy and/or radiation, and in fact, in most cases, outcomes and quality of life is significantly comprised by these invasive therapies. However, naturopathic cancer therapies such as diet, intravenous vitamin C, acupuncture and mind-body strategies have been proven to increase longevity and improve quality of life in advanced stage and terminal cancer^{(24,46,49,95)}.

Learn more information about CTC’s referred to as circulation tumour cell test, and cancer biomarker testing by clicking on the words.

When should I start Naturopathic Cancer Treatments?

If you have a cancer diagnosis, the sooner integrative cancer care is initiated, generally the more favorable the outcome will be. Specific dietary recommendations can, and should be, incorporated immediately. If chemotherapy or radiation is going to be a part of your treatment for cancer, it is ideal to begin nutritional and anti-oxidant support in preparation for conventional treatments at least 2-4 weeks prior, to effectively minimize undesirable side effects.

Whether your goal is to treat an existing cancer or to prevent a first or secondary cancer diagnosis, we perform comprehensive baseline evaluation for assessment and monitoring purposes. This often includes blood work, urine and/or other specialized tests to assess tumor growth and regression, inflammation, nutritional status and toxicity. If you have relevant previous or ongoing tests (blood work, imaging reports), we can obtain these from the BC Cancer Agency or your medical doctor.

We look forward to being a part of your comprehensive, whole person health care. At Port Moody Health, you can be assured that you fill find the warmth and support you are seeking on your journey to creating healthy body, mind and spirit.

For more information or to book an appointment to discuss your treatment for cancer, call to speak to one of our patient care coordinators at (604) 949-0077.

Port Moody Health provides cancer care for patients near and abroad. For information on lodging and extended stay, call 604-949-0077, or click here.

References

1. Survival Impact of Integrative Cancer Care in Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer, Block, Gyllenhaal, Tripathy, et al., Breast J. 2009; 154:357-366
2. Psychologic Intervention Improves Survival for Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Control Trial, Andersen, Yang, Farrar, et al., Cancer 2008; 113:3450-3458.
3. Acupuncture: Role in Comprehensive Cancer Care ñ A Primer for the Oncologist and Review of the Literature, Cohen, Menter & Hale, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2005; 4 (2): 131-143.
4. Integrative Oncology: Complementary Therapies for Cancer, Cassileth & Deng, Oncologist 2004; 2: 419-429. (more references can be found here)
5. Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Cancer, Cassileth & Deng, Oncologist 2004; 9: 80-89.
6. Integrative Oncology: Complementary Therapies in Cancer Care, Cassileth, Heitzer & Gubili, Cancer Chemother. Rev. 2008; 3 (4): 204-211.
7. Dietary Antioxidants During Cancer Chemotherapy: Impact on Chemotherapeutic Effectiveness and Development of Side-effects, Conklin, Nutr.Can 2000; 37 (1): 1-18.
8. Impact of Antioxidant Supplementation on Chemotherapeutic Efficacy: A Systematic Review of the Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials, Block, Koch, Mead, et al., Cancer Treat. Rev. 2007; 33 (5): 407-41.
9. Antioxidants and Other Nutrients Do Not Interfere with Chemotherapy of Radiation and Can Increase Kill and Increase Survival, Part 1, Simone, et al, Altern. Ther. Health Med. 2007; 13: 22-28.
10. Antioxidants and Other Nutrients Do Not Interfere with Chemotherapy of Radiation and Can Increase Kill and Increase Survival, Part 2, Simone, et al, Altern. Ther. Health Med. 2007; 13 (2): 40-47.
11. Use of Antioxidant Supplements During Breast Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review, Drisko, Chapman & Hunter, J. Am Coll Nutr 2003; 22 (2): 118-123.
12. Compliance with nutrition prescription improves outcomes in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, Bauer, et al., Clin Nutr 2005; 24 (6): 998-1004
13. Inflammation, COX-2 Inhibitors & Cancer, Block, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2005; 4 (1): 3-4.
14. Effects of a Caloric Restriction Weight Loss Diet and Exercise on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Imayama, Ulrich, et al., Cancer Res. 2012; 72 (9);2314-2326.
15. Inflammation and Cancer: An Ancient Link with Novel Potentials, Perwez Hussain & Harris, Int. J. Cancer 2007; 121 (11): 2373-2380.
16. Inflammation & Cancer: The Oncogene-Driven Connection, Borrello, Degl’Innocenti, Pierotti, Cancer Lett. 2008; 267(2):262-70.
17. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cancer: How are They Linked? Reuter, Gupta, Chaturvedi, Aggarwal, Free Radic Biol Med., 2010; 49 (110):1603-16.
18. Observation of curative efficacy and prognosis following combination chemotherapy with celecoxib in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, Jin, Wang, Chen, et al., J. Int. Med Res., 2011; 39 (6): 2129-40.
19. Curcumin and Green Tea Polyphenols: Synergistic Anticancer Compounds, Yarnell, Quart. Rev. Nat. Med. 1998; Fall: 218-220.
20. Regulation of COX and LOX by Curcumin, Rao, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2007; 595: 213-226.
21. Induction of Apoptosis by Curcumin and its Implications for Cancer Therapy, Karunagaran, Rashimi & Kumar, Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 2005; 5 (2): 117-129.
22. Biological Effects of Curcumin and its Role in Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy, Sing & Khar, Anticancer Agents Med. Chem. 2006; 6 (3): 259-270.
23. Curcumin Inhibits Human Colon Cancer Cell Growth by Suppressing Gene Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Through Reducing the Activity of the Transcription Factor Egr-1, Chen, Xu & Johnson, Oncogene 2006; 25 (2): 278-287.
24. Phase II Trial of Curcumin in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer, Dhillon, Aggarwal, Newman, et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 2008; 14 (14): 4491-4499.
25. The Chemoprotective Agent Curcumin is a Potent Radiosensitizer of Human Cervical Tumour Cells via Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Overactivation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway, Javvadi, Segan, Tuttle & Koumenis, Mol Pharmacol. 2008 May; 73 (5): 1491-501.
26. Green Tea Inhibits VEGF Induction in Human Breast Cancer Cells, Sartippour, Shao, Heber, et al., J. Nutr. 2002; 132: 2307-2311.
27. Green Tea Component Destroys Leukemia Cells, Kay, Blood Mar.2, 2004 On-line edition.
28. Clinical Effects of Oral Green Tea Extracts in Four Patients with Low Grade B-cell Malignancies, Shanafelt, Lee, Call, et al., Leuk. Res. 2006; 30:707-712.
29. Essential Role of Caspases in Epigallatocatechin-3-gallate mediated Inhibition of Nuclear Factor kappa B and Induction of Apoptosis, Gupta, et al., Oncogene 2004; 23 (14) 3507-2522.
30. EGCG Inhibits Growth, Invasion, Angiogenesis and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer, Shankar, Ganapathy, et al., Front. Biosci. 2008; 13: 440-452
31. Five Years Survival in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy Alone or Chemotherapy and Melatonin: A Randomized Trial, Lissoni, Chilelli, Villa, et al., J. Pineal Res. 2003; 35 (1): 12-15.
32. The Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin in Concurrent Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy for Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Wang, Jun, Ai, et al, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2012 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]
33. The Therapeutic Application of Melatonin in Supportive Care and Palliative Medicine, Mahmoud, Sarhill & Mazurczak, Am. J. Hosp. Palliat. Care 2005; 22: 295-309.
34. Melatonin Provokes Cell Death in Human B-Lymphoma Cells by Mitochondria-dependent Apoptotic Pathway Activation, Trubiani, Recchioni, Moroni, et al., J. Pineal Res. 2005; 39 (4): 425-431.
35. Melatonin Induces Apoptosis in Human Neuroblastoma Cancer Cells, Garcia-Santos, Antolin, Herrara, et al., J. Pineal Res. 2006; 41 (2): 130-135.
36. Melatonin in Clinical Oncology, Bartsch, Bartsch & Karasek, Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 2002; 23 Suppl 1: 30-8.
37. The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin: A Review of the Science, Malhotra, Sawhney, Pandhi, Med. Gen. Med. 2004; 6(2): 46. Published online 2004 April 14.
38. Molecular Mechanisms of Melatonin Anticancer Effects, Hill, Frasch, Ziang, et al., Integr. Cancer Ther. 2009; 8 (4): 337-346.
39. Protective Effect of Melatonin on Oxaliplatin-induced Apoptosis Through Sustained Mcl-1 Expression and Anti-oxidant Action in Renal Carcinoma Caki Cells, Um & Kwon, J. Pineal Res. 1012 Jul 2 [Epub ahead of print]
40. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Inhibits TNF-alpha Induced NF-kappa B Activation Through Blocking of MEKK1-MKK4-IKK Signaling Cascades, Lee, Lee, Kim, et al., Int Immunopharmacol. 2008; 8 (2): 362-370.
41. Increased ROS Generation and p53 Activation in Alpha Lipoic Acid-induced Apoptosis of Hepatoma Cells, Simbula, Columbano, Ledda, et al., Apoptosis 2007; 12 (1): 113-123.
42. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Inhibits TNF-alpha Induced NF-kappa B Activation Through Blocking of MEKK1-MKK4-IKK Signalling Cascades, Lee, Lee, Kim, et al., Int. Immunopharmacol. 2008; 8 (2): 362-370.
43. The Long-term Survival of a Patient with Pancreatic Cancer with Metastases to the Liver after Treatment with the Intravenous Alpha-Lipoic/Low-dose Naltrexone Protocol, Berkson, Rubin & Berkson, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2006; 5 (1): 83-89.
44. Orthomolecular Oncology Review: Ascorbic Acid & Cancer 25 Years Later; Gonzalez, Riordan, et al, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2005; 4 (1): 32-44.
45. The Use of Vitamin C and Other Antioxidants with Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment, Gunn, Hoffer & Stoute J. Orthomolec. Med. Special Issue 2004; Vol 19 No.4: 194-255.
46. Changes of Terminal Cancer Patients’ Health-related Quality of Life after High Dose Vitamin C Administration, Yeom, Jung, Song, J. Kor. Med. Sci. 2007; 22(1): 7ñ11.
47. A Pilot Clinical Study of Continuous Intravenous Ascorbate in Terminal Cancer Patients, Riordan, Casciari, Gonzalez, et al., P R Health Sci. J. 2005; 24 (4): 269-276.
48. Pharmacological Ascorbate Induces Cytotoxicity in Prostate Cancer Cells Through ATP Depletion and Induction of Autophagy, Chen, Yu, Chalmers, Drisko, Yang, Li, Chen, Anti-Cancer Drugs (Preclinical Report) 2012, 23:437-444
49. High-Dose Vitamin C Selectively Kills Cancer Cells, Levine, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sciences USA, 2005; 102:13604-13609.
50. Intravenously Administered Vitamin C as a Cancer Therapy: 3 Cases, Padayatty, Riordan, Hewitt, et al., CMAJ 2006; 174 (7): 937-942.
51. Mega-dose Vitamin C as Therapy for Human Cancer? Borst, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA; 2008; 105: E95.
52. Vitamin C and Cancer Revisited, Frei & Lawson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA; 2008; 105: 11037-11038
53. Vitamin D & Cancer, Ali & Vaidya, J. Cancer Res. Ther. 2007; 3 (4): 225-230.
54. High Vitamin D Levels Linked to Improved Lung Cancer Survival, Zhou, et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 2007; 25: 479-485.
55. Circulating 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Levels and Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer, Ng, Meyerhardt, Wu, et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 2008; 26 (18): 2937-2939.
56. Association Between Serum 25(OH)D and Death from Prostate Cancer, Tretli, Hernes, Berg, et al., Br. J. Cancer 2009; 1003: 450-454.
57. Boswellic Acids and Malignant Glioma: Induction of Apoptosis but No Modulation of Drug Sensitivity, Glaser; Winters, Groscurth, et al., Br. J. Cancer 1998; 80 (5-6): 756-765.
58. Boswellic Acid Acetate Induces Differentiation and Apoptosis in Leukemia Cell Lines, Jing, Nakato, et al., Leuk. Res. 1999; 23: 43-50.
59. Quercetin Potentiates the Effect of Adriamycin in a Multidrug-resistant MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line: P-glycogprotein as a Possible Target, Scambia, Ranelletti, Panic, et al., Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 1994; 34 (6): 459-464.
60. Supression of Insulin-like Growth Factor Signalling Pathway and Collagen Expression in Keloid-derived Fibroblasts by Quercetin: Its Therapeutic Potential Use in the Treatment and/or Prevention of Keloids, Phan, See, Tran, et al., Br. J. Dermatol. 2003; 148 (3): 544-552.
61. Induction of Cell-cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Breast cancer Cells by Quercetin, Choi, Kim, Lee et al., Int. J. Oncol. 2001;19 (4):837-844.
62. Synergistic Antiproliferative Activitiy of Quercetin and Cisplatin on Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth, Scambia, Ranelletti, Benedetti, et al., Anticancer Drugs 1990; 1 (1): 45-48
63. The Synergistic Reversal Effect of Multidrug Resistance by Quercetin and Hyperthermia in Doxorubicin-Resistant Human Myelogenous Leukemia Cells, Shen, Zhang, Wu & Zhu, Int. J. Hyperthermia 2008; 24 (2): 151-159.
64. 1,1-Bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-substitutedphenyl)methanes Induce Autophagic Cell Death in Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer, Vanderlaag, Su, Frankel, et al., BMC Cancer 2010; 10: 669.
65. Indole-3-carbinol as a Chemopreventive and Anticancer Agent, Weng, Tsai, Kulp & Chen, Cancer Lett. 2008; 262 (2): 153-163
66. Multiple Molecular Targets of Indole-3-carbinol, a Chemopreventative Anti-Estrogen in Breast Cancer, Ashtok, Chen, Garikapaty, et al., Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 2002; Suppl. 2: 86-93.
67. Placebo-controlled Trial of Indole-3-carbinol in the Treatment of CIN, Bell, Crowley-Nowick, Bradlow, et al., Gynecol. Oncol., 2000 Aug; 78 (2): 123-129.
68. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) Induces Apoptosis in Tumorigenic but Not in Non-tumorigenic Breast Epithelial Cells, Rahman, Aranha & Sarkar, Nutr. Cancer 2003; 45 (1): 101-112.
69. Indole-3 carbinol (I3C) Induced Cell Growth Inhibition, G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells, Chinni, Li, Upadhyay, et al., Oncogene 2001; 20 (23): 2927-36.
70. The Indolic Diet-derivative, 3,3í-diindolylmethane, Induced Apoptosis In Human Colon Cancer Cells Through Upregulation of NDRGI, Lerner, Grafi-Cohen, Napso, et al., J Biomed Biotech 2012; 2012: 256178. [Epub 2011 Nov 13.]
71. Fatty Acids, Cancer and Cachexia: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Colomer, Moreno-Nogufeira, Garcia-Luna, et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2007; 975: 823-831.
72. Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Inflammation and Malignancy, Jho, Cole, Lee & Espat, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2004; (2): 98-111.
73. Modulation of Angiogenesis by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids is Mediated by Cyclooxygenases, Szymczak, Murray & Petrovic, Blood 2008; 111 (7): 3514-3521.
74. Fatigue, Inflammation and Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Intake Among Breast Cancer Survivors, Alfano, Imayama, Neuhouser, et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 2012; 30 (12) 1280-1287.
75. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Drives Tumor Progression and Metastasis: Should we use Antioxidants as a Key Component of Cancer Treatment & Prevention? Stogia, Martinez-Outschoom, UE, Lisanti, BMC Med. 2011; 9:62.
76. Vitamin Supplement Use During Breast Cancer Treatment & Survival: A Prospective Cohort Study, Nechuta, Lu, Zheng, Gu, Cai, Zheng & Shu, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2011; 20(2): 262-271.
77. Antioxidant Supplement Use After Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Mortality in the Life After Cancer Epidemiology (LACE) Cohort, Greenlee, Kwan, Kushi, Song, Castillo, et al., Cancer 2012; 118 (8): 2048-58.
78. Synergistic Anti-cancer Effects of Grapeseed Extract and Conventional Cytotoxic Agent Doxorubicin Against Human Breast Carcinoma Cells, Sharma, Tyagi, Singh, et al., Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2004; 85 (1): 1-12.
79. Chemotherapy Alone vs Chemotherapy Plus High-dose Multiple Antixodants in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Pathak, et al., J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2005; 24 (1): 16-21.
80. Immunonutrition Before and During Radiochemotherapy: Improvement of Inflammatory Parameters in Head and Neck Cancer Patients, Machon, Thezenas, Dupuy, Assenat, et al., Support Care Cancer 2012 Mar 28 [Epup ahead of print].
81. Co-enzyme Q10, Riboflavin and Niacin Supplementation on Alteration of DNA Repair Enzyme and DNA Methylation in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Tamoxifen Therapy, Premkumar, Yuvaraj & Sachdanandam, Br. J. Nutr. 2008; 1006: 1179-1182.
82. Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng and Astragalus: A Review, Block & Mead, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2003; 2 (3): 247-267.
83. Coenzyme Q-10 for Prevention of Anthracycline-induced Cardiotoxicity, Conklin, Integr Cancer Ther. 2005; 4 (2): 110-130.
84. Glutathione Reduces the Toxicity and Improves Quality of Life of Women Diagnosed with Ovarian Cancer: Results of a Double-blind Randomized Trial. Smyth, Bowman, Perren, et al., Ann. Oncol. 1997; 8 (6): 569-573.
85. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Prevents and Reduces Paclitaxel-induced Painful Peripheral Neuropathy, Flatter, Xiao & Benet, Neurosci. Lett. 2006; 397 (3); 219-233.
86. Silibinin Restores Paclitaxel Sensitivity to Paclitaxel-resistant Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells, Anticancer Res. 2008; 28 (2A): 1119-1127.
87. Immunoprotection by Botanical Drugs in Cancer Chemotherapy, Diwanay, Chitre & Patwardhan, J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 90 (10): 49-55.
88. Exercise in Prevention and Management of Cancer, Newton & Galvao, Curr. Treat. Opt. Oncol. 2008; 92 (3): 135-146.
89. Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress and level of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and melatonin in breast cancer outpatients, Carlson, Garland, Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004; 29 (4) 448-74.
90. The Effects of P6 Acupressure in the Prophylaxis of Chemotherapy-Related Nausea and Vomiting in Breast Cancer Patients, Molassiotis, Helin, Dabbour, et al., Complement. Ther. Med. 2007; 15 (1): 3-12.
91. Acupuncture Versus Venlafaxine for the Management of Vasomotor Symptoms in Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Walker, Rodrigues, Kohn, et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 2009; 28 (4): 634-640.
92. Chemotherapy-associated Oxidative Stress, Conklin, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2004; 3 (4): 294-299.
93. To Combine or Not to Combine: Natural Health products and Chemotherapy? Lemmo, Townsend Letter Aug.-Sept. 2006; #277/78: 76.
94. Antioxidants and Cancer Therapy; Their Actions and Interactions with Oncologic Therapies, Lamson &Brignall, Alt. Med. Rev 1999; Vol 4 No.5: 304-329.
95. Acupuncture as Palliative Therapy for Physical Symptoms and Quality of Life for Advanced Cancer Patients, Dean-Clower, Doherty-Gilman, Keshaviah, et al., Integr. Cancer Ther. 2010; 9 (2): 158-167.